Reverse geocodes geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) given as numeric values. Latitude and longitude inputs are limited to possible values. Latitudes must be between -90 and 90 and longitudes must be between -180 and 180. Invalid values will not be sent to the geocoding service. The reverse_geocode function utilizes this function on coordinates contained in dataframes. See example usage in vignette("tidygeocoder").

Refer to api_parameter_reference, min_time_reference, and batch_limit_reference for more details on geocoding service parameters and usage.

This function uses the get_api_query, query_api, and extract_reverse_results functions to create, execute, and parse geocoder API queries.

reverse_geo(
  lat,
  long,
  method = "osm",
  address = "address",
  limit = 1,
  full_results = FALSE,
  mode = "",
  unique_only = FALSE,
  return_coords = TRUE,
  min_time = NULL,
  progress_bar = show_progress_bar(),
  quiet = getOption("tidygeocoder.quiet", FALSE),
  api_url = NULL,
  timeout = 20,
  flatten = TRUE,
  batch_limit = NULL,
  verbose = getOption("tidygeocoder.verbose", FALSE),
  no_query = FALSE,
  custom_query = list(),
  api_options = list()
)

Arguments

lat

latitude values (input data)

long

longitude values (input data)

method

the geocoding service to be used. API keys are loaded from environmental variables. Run usethis::edit_r_environ() to open your .Renviron file and add an API key as an environmental variable. For example, add the line GEOCODIO_API_KEY="YourAPIKeyHere"

  • "osm": Nominatim.

  • "arcgis": ArcGIS.

  • "geocodio": Geocodio. Geographic coverage is limited to the United States and Canada. Batch geocoding is supported. Store an API key in the environmental variable "GEOCODIO_API_KEY".

  • "iq": Location IQ. Store an API key in the environmental variable "LOCATIONIQ_API_KEY".

  • "google": Google. Store an API key in the environmental variable "GOOGLEGEOCODE_API_KEY".

  • "opencage": OpenCage. Store an API key in the environmental variable "OPENCAGE_KEY".

  • "mapbox": Mapbox. Store an API key in the environmental variable "MAPBOX_API_KEY".

  • "here": HERE. Batch geocoding is supported, but must be explicitly called with mode = "batch". Store an API key in the environmental variable "HERE_API_KEY".

  • "tomtom": TomTom. Batch geocoding is supported. Store an API key in the environmental variable "TOMTOM_API_KEY".

  • "mapquest": MapQuest. Batch geocoding is supported. Store an API key in the environmental variable "MAPQUEST_API_KEY".

  • "bing": Bing. Batch geocoding is supported, but must be explicitly called with mode = "batch". Store an API key in the environmental variable "BINGMAPS_API_KEY".

  • "geoapify": Geoapify. Store an API key in the environmental variable "GEOAPIFY_KEY".

address

name of the address column (in the output data)

limit

maximum number of results to return per input coordinate. For many geocoding services the maximum value of the limit parameter is 100. Pass limit = NULL to use the default limit value of the selected geocoding service. For batch geocoding, limit must be set to 1 (default) if return_coords = TRUE. Refer to api_parameter_reference for more details.

full_results

returns all available data from the geocoding service if TRUE. If FALSE (default) then only a single address column is returned from the geocoding service.

mode

set to 'batch' to force batch geocoding or 'single' to force single coordinategeocoding (one coordinate per query). If not specified then batch geocoding will be used if available (given method selected) when multiple coordinates are provided; otherwise single address geocoding will be used. For the "here" and "bing" methods the batch mode should be explicitly specified with mode = 'batch'.

unique_only

only return results for unique inputs if TRUE

return_coords

return input coordinates with results if TRUE. Note that most services return the input coordinates with full_results = TRUE and setting return_coords to FALSE does not prevent this.

min_time

minimum amount of time for a query to take (in seconds). If NULL then min_time will be set to the default value specified in min_time_reference.

progress_bar

if TRUE then a progress bar will be displayed for single input geocoding (1 input per query). By default the progress bar will not be shown for code executed when knitting R Markdown files or code within an RStudio notebook chunk. Can be set permanently with options(tidygeocoder.progress_bar = FALSE).

quiet

if TRUE then console messages that are displayed by default regarding queries will be suppressed. FALSE is default. Can be set permanently with options(tidygeocoder.quiet = TRUE).

api_url

custom API URL. If specified, the default API URL will be overridden. This parameter can be used to specify a local Nominatim server, for instance.

timeout

query timeout (in minutes)

flatten

if TRUE (default) then any nested dataframes in results are flattened if possible. Note that in some cases results are flattened regardless such as for Geocodio batch geocoding.

batch_limit

limit to the number of coordinates in a batch geocoding query.Defaults to the value in batch_limit_reference if not specified.

verbose

if TRUE then detailed logs are output to the console. FALSE is default. Can be set permanently with options(tidygeocoder.verbose = TRUE)

no_query

if TRUE then no queries are sent to the geocoding service and verbose is set to TRUE. Used for testing.

custom_query

API-specific parameters to be used, passed as a named list (ex. list(extratags = 1).

api_options

a named list of parameters specific to individual services. (ex. list(geocodio_v = 1.6, geocodio_hipaa = TRUE)). Each parameter begins with the name of the method (service) it applies to. The possible parameters are shown below with their default values.

  • census_return_type (default: locations): set to "geographies" to return additional geography columns. Make sure to use full_results = TRUE if using the "geographies" setting.

  • iq_region (default: "us"): set to "eu" to use the European Union API endpoint

  • geocodio_v (default: 1.7): the version number of the Geocodio API to be used

  • geocodio_hipaa (default: FALSE): set to TRUE to use the HIPAA compliant Geocodio API endpoint

  • mapbox_permanent (default: FALSE): set to TRUE to use the mapbox.places-permanent endpoint. Note that this option should be used only if you have applied for a permanent account. Unsuccessful requests made by an account that does not have access to the endpoint may be billable.

  • mapquest_open (default: FALSE): set to TRUE to use the Open Geocoding endpoint which relies solely on OpenStreetMap data

  • here_request_id: this parameter would return a previous HERE batch job, identified by its RequestID. The RequestID of a batch job is displayed when verbose is TRUE. Note that this option would ignore the current address parameter on the request, so the return_addresses or return_coords parameters need to be FALSE.

Value

tibble (dataframe)

Examples

# \donttest{
options(tidygeocoder.progress_bar = FALSE)

reverse_geo(lat = 38.895865, long = -77.0307713, method = "osm")
#> Passing 1 coordinate to the Nominatim single coordinate geocoder
#> Query completed in: 1 seconds
#> # A tibble: 1 × 3
#>     lat  long address                                                           
#>   <dbl> <dbl> <chr>                                                             
#> 1  38.9 -77.0 L’Enfant's plan, Pennsylvania Avenue, Washington, District of Col…

reverse_geo(
  lat = c(38.895865, 43.6534817, 300),
  long = c(-77.0307713, -79.3839347, 600),
  method = "osm", full_results = TRUE
)
#> Passing 2 coordinates to the Nominatim single coordinate geocoder
#> Query completed in: 2 seconds
#> # A tibble: 3 × 23
#>     lat  long address    place…¹ licence osm_t…²  osm_id osm_lat osm_lon tourism
#>   <dbl> <dbl> <chr>        <int> <chr>   <chr>     <int> <chr>   <chr>   <chr>  
#> 1  38.9 -77.0 L’Enfant'…  2.75e8 Data ©… way      9.00e8 38.895… -77.03… L’Enfa…
#> 2  43.7 -79.4 Toronto C…  1.53e8 Data ©… way      1.99e8 43.653… -79.38… NA     
#> 3  NA    NA   NA         NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA      NA     
#> # … with 13 more variables: road <chr>, city <chr>, state <chr>,
#> #   `ISO3166-2-lvl4` <chr>, postcode <chr>, country <chr>, country_code <chr>,
#> #   boundingbox <list>, amenity <chr>, house_number <chr>, neighbourhood <chr>,
#> #   quarter <chr>, state_district <chr>, and abbreviated variable names
#> #   ¹​place_id, ²​osm_type
# }